Engineering
Shear resistance where it matters
Horizontal stresses in road pavement appear when vehicles brake, when driving speed changes, and on steep slopes and turns. These stresses reach their greatest values at the contact boundary between the coating and the base, which can lead to deformation of the coating or its displacement due to high positive temperatures.
Destruction of the coating from horizontal forces can be avoided by using bitumen–mineral compositions for the underlying layer, characterised by values of the angle of internal friction and adhesion that provide shear resistance to the entire coating layer, including under the condition of unexpected braking of the vehicle. The basic criterion for the suitability of road pavements on foundations made of reinforced soils is precisely the shear resistance in the plane of the interface between the base and the coating.